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1 | #!/usr/bin/perl -w |
2 | # (c) 2008, Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> |
3 | # Licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL License version 2 |
4 | # |
5 | # recordmcount.pl - makes a section called __mcount_loc that holds |
6 | # all the offsets to the calls to mcount. |
7 | # |
8 | # |
9 | # What we want to end up with this is that each object file will have a |
10 | # section called __mcount_loc that will hold the list of pointers to mcount |
11 | # callers. After final linking, the vmlinux will have within .init.data the |
12 | # list of all callers to mcount between __start_mcount_loc and __stop_mcount_loc. |
13 | # Later on boot up, the kernel will read this list, save the locations and turn |
14 | # them into nops. When tracing or profiling is later enabled, these locations |
15 | # will then be converted back to pointers to some function. |
16 | # |
17 | # This is no easy feat. This script is called just after the original |
18 | # object is compiled and before it is linked. |
19 | # |
20 | # When parse this object file using 'objdump', the references to the call |
21 | # sites are offsets from the section that the call site is in. Hence, all |
22 | # functions in a section that has a call site to mcount, will have the |
23 | # offset from the beginning of the section and not the beginning of the |
24 | # function. |
25 | # |
26 | # But where this section will reside finally in vmlinx is undetermined at |
27 | # this point. So we can't use this kind of offsets to record the final |
28 | # address of this call site. |
29 | # |
30 | # The trick is to change the call offset referring the start of a section to |
31 | # referring a function symbol in this section. During the link step, 'ld' will |
32 | # compute the final address according to the information we record. |
33 | # |
34 | # e.g. |
35 | # |
36 | # .section ".sched.text", "ax" |
37 | # [...] |
38 | # func1: |
39 | # [...] |
40 | # call mcount (offset: 0x10) |
41 | # [...] |
42 | # ret |
43 | # .globl fun2 |
44 | # func2: (offset: 0x20) |
45 | # [...] |
46 | # [...] |
47 | # ret |
48 | # func3: |
49 | # [...] |
50 | # call mcount (offset: 0x30) |
51 | # [...] |
52 | # |
53 | # Both relocation offsets for the mcounts in the above example will be |
54 | # offset from .sched.text. If we choose global symbol func2 as a reference and |
55 | # make another file called tmp.s with the new offsets: |
56 | # |
57 | # .section __mcount_loc |
58 | # .quad func2 - 0x10 |
59 | # .quad func2 + 0x10 |
60 | # |
61 | # We can then compile this tmp.s into tmp.o, and link it back to the original |
62 | # object. |
63 | # |
64 | # In our algorithm, we will choose the first global function we meet in this |
65 | # section as the reference. But this gets hard if there is no global functions |
66 | # in this section. In such a case we have to select a local one. E.g. func1: |
67 | # |
68 | # .section ".sched.text", "ax" |
69 | # func1: |
70 | # [...] |
71 | # call mcount (offset: 0x10) |
72 | # [...] |
73 | # ret |
74 | # func2: |
75 | # [...] |
76 | # call mcount (offset: 0x20) |
77 | # [...] |
78 | # .section "other.section" |
79 | # |
80 | # If we make the tmp.s the same as above, when we link together with |
81 | # the original object, we will end up with two symbols for func1: |
82 | # one local, one global. After final compile, we will end up with |
83 | # an undefined reference to func1 or a wrong reference to another global |
84 | # func1 in other files. |
85 | # |
86 | # Since local objects can reference local variables, we need to find |
87 | # a way to make tmp.o reference the local objects of the original object |
88 | # file after it is linked together. To do this, we convert func1 |
89 | # into a global symbol before linking tmp.o. Then after we link tmp.o |
90 | # we will only have a single symbol for func1 that is global. |
91 | # We can convert func1 back into a local symbol and we are done. |
92 | # |
93 | # Here are the steps we take: |
94 | # |
95 | # 1) Record all the local and weak symbols by using 'nm' |
96 | # 2) Use objdump to find all the call site offsets and sections for |
97 | # mcount. |
98 | # 3) Compile the list into its own object. |
99 | # 4) Do we have to deal with local functions? If not, go to step 8. |
100 | # 5) Make an object that converts these local functions to global symbols |
101 | # with objcopy. |
102 | # 6) Link together this new object with the list object. |
103 | # 7) Convert the local functions back to local symbols and rename |
104 | # the result as the original object. |
105 | # 8) Link the object with the list object. |
106 | # 9) Move the result back to the original object. |
107 | # |
108 | |
109 | use strict; |
110 | |
111 | my $P = $0; |
112 | $P =~ s@.*/@@g; |
113 | |
114 | my $V = '0.1'; |
115 | |
116 | if ($#ARGV != 11) { |
117 | print "usage: $P arch endian bits objdump objcopy cc ld nm rm mv is_module inputfile\n"; |
118 | print "version: $V\n"; |
119 | exit(1); |
120 | } |
121 | |
122 | my ($arch, $endian, $bits, $objdump, $objcopy, $cc, |
123 | $ld, $nm, $rm, $mv, $is_module, $inputfile) = @ARGV; |
124 | |
125 | # This file refers to mcount and shouldn't be ftraced, so lets' ignore it |
126 | if ($inputfile =~ m,kernel/trace/ftrace\.o$,) { |
127 | exit(0); |
128 | } |
129 | |
130 | # Acceptable sections to record. |
131 | my %text_sections = ( |
132 | ".text" => 1, |
133 | ".sched.text" => 1, |
134 | ".spinlock.text" => 1, |
135 | ".irqentry.text" => 1, |
136 | ".text.unlikely" => 1, |
137 | ); |
138 | |
139 | # Note: we are nice to C-programmers here, thus we skip the '||='-idiom. |
140 | $objdump = 'objdump' if (!$objdump); |
141 | $objcopy = 'objcopy' if (!$objcopy); |
142 | $cc = 'gcc' if (!$cc); |
143 | $ld = 'ld' if (!$ld); |
144 | $nm = 'nm' if (!$nm); |
145 | $rm = 'rm' if (!$rm); |
146 | $mv = 'mv' if (!$mv); |
147 | |
148 | #print STDERR "running: $P '$arch' '$objdump' '$objcopy' '$cc' '$ld' " . |
149 | # "'$nm' '$rm' '$mv' '$inputfile'\n"; |
150 | |
151 | my %locals; # List of local (static) functions |
152 | my %weak; # List of weak functions |
153 | my %convert; # List of local functions used that needs conversion |
154 | |
155 | my $type; |
156 | my $local_regex; # Match a local function (return function) |
157 | my $weak_regex; # Match a weak function (return function) |
158 | my $section_regex; # Find the start of a section |
159 | my $function_regex; # Find the name of a function |
160 | # (return offset and func name) |
161 | my $mcount_regex; # Find the call site to mcount (return offset) |
162 | my $alignment; # The .align value to use for $mcount_section |
163 | my $section_type; # Section header plus possible alignment command |
164 | my $can_use_local = 0; # If we can use local function references |
165 | |
166 | # Shut up recordmcount if user has older objcopy |
167 | my $quiet_recordmcount = ".tmp_quiet_recordmcount"; |
168 | my $print_warning = 1; |
169 | $print_warning = 0 if ( -f $quiet_recordmcount); |
170 | |
171 | ## |
172 | # check_objcopy - whether objcopy supports --globalize-symbols |
173 | # |
174 | # --globalize-symbols came out in 2.17, we must test the version |
175 | # of objcopy, and if it is less than 2.17, then we can not |
176 | # record local functions. |
177 | sub check_objcopy |
178 | { |
179 | open (IN, "$objcopy --version |") or die "error running $objcopy"; |
180 | while (<IN>) { |
181 | if (/objcopy.*\s(\d+)\.(\d+)/) { |
182 | $can_use_local = 1 if ($1 > 2 || ($1 == 2 && $2 >= 17)); |
183 | last; |
184 | } |
185 | } |
186 | close (IN); |
187 | |
188 | if (!$can_use_local && $print_warning) { |
189 | print STDERR "WARNING: could not find objcopy version or version " . |
190 | "is less than 2.17.\n" . |
191 | "\tLocal function references are disabled.\n"; |
192 | open (QUIET, ">$quiet_recordmcount"); |
193 | printf QUIET "Disables the warning from recordmcount.pl\n"; |
194 | close QUIET; |
195 | } |
196 | } |
197 | |
198 | if ($arch =~ /(x86(_64)?)|(i386)/) { |
199 | if ($bits == 64) { |
200 | $arch = "x86_64"; |
201 | } else { |
202 | $arch = "i386"; |
203 | } |
204 | } |
205 | |
206 | # |
207 | # We base the defaults off of i386, the other archs may |
208 | # feel free to change them in the below if statements. |
209 | # |
210 | $local_regex = "^[0-9a-fA-F]+\\s+t\\s+(\\S+)"; |
211 | $weak_regex = "^[0-9a-fA-F]+\\s+([wW])\\s+(\\S+)"; |
212 | $section_regex = "Disassembly of section\\s+(\\S+):"; |
213 | $function_regex = "^([0-9a-fA-F]+)\\s+<(.*?)>:"; |
214 | $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+):.*\\smcount\$"; |
215 | $section_type = '@progbits'; |
216 | $type = ".long"; |
217 | |
218 | if ($arch eq "x86_64") { |
219 | $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+):.*\\smcount([+-]0x[0-9a-zA-Z]+)?\$"; |
220 | $type = ".quad"; |
221 | $alignment = 8; |
222 | |
223 | # force flags for this arch |
224 | $ld .= " -m elf_x86_64"; |
225 | $objdump .= " -M x86-64"; |
226 | $objcopy .= " -O elf64-x86-64"; |
227 | $cc .= " -m64"; |
228 | |
229 | } elsif ($arch eq "i386") { |
230 | $alignment = 4; |
231 | |
232 | # force flags for this arch |
233 | $ld .= " -m elf_i386"; |
234 | $objdump .= " -M i386"; |
235 | $objcopy .= " -O elf32-i386"; |
236 | $cc .= " -m32"; |
237 | |
238 | } elsif ($arch eq "s390" && $bits == 32) { |
239 | $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+):\\s*R_390_32\\s+_mcount\$"; |
240 | $alignment = 4; |
241 | $ld .= " -m elf_s390"; |
242 | $cc .= " -m31"; |
243 | |
244 | } elsif ($arch eq "s390" && $bits == 64) { |
245 | $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+):\\s*R_390_(PC|PLT)32DBL\\s+_mcount\\+0x2\$"; |
246 | $alignment = 8; |
247 | $type = ".quad"; |
248 | $ld .= " -m elf64_s390"; |
249 | $cc .= " -m64"; |
250 | |
251 | } elsif ($arch eq "sh") { |
252 | $alignment = 2; |
253 | |
254 | # force flags for this arch |
255 | $ld .= " -m shlelf_linux"; |
256 | $objcopy .= " -O elf32-sh-linux"; |
257 | $cc .= " -m32"; |
258 | |
259 | } elsif ($arch eq "powerpc") { |
260 | $local_regex = "^[0-9a-fA-F]+\\s+t\\s+(\\.?\\S+)"; |
261 | $function_regex = "^([0-9a-fA-F]+)\\s+<(\\.?.*?)>:"; |
262 | $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+):.*\\s\\.?_mcount\$"; |
263 | |
264 | if ($bits == 64) { |
265 | $type = ".quad"; |
266 | } |
267 | |
268 | } elsif ($arch eq "arm") { |
269 | $alignment = 2; |
270 | $section_type = '%progbits'; |
271 | |
272 | } elsif ($arch eq "ia64") { |
273 | $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+):.*\\s_mcount\$"; |
274 | $type = "data8"; |
275 | |
276 | if ($is_module eq "0") { |
277 | $cc .= " -mconstant-gp"; |
278 | } |
279 | } elsif ($arch eq "sparc64") { |
280 | # In the objdump output there are giblets like: |
281 | # 0000000000000000 <igmp_net_exit-0x18>: |
282 | # As there's some data blobs that get emitted into the |
283 | # text section before the first instructions and the first |
284 | # real symbols. We don't want to match that, so to combat |
285 | # this we use '\w' so we'll match just plain symbol names, |
286 | # and not those that also include hex offsets inside of the |
287 | # '<>' brackets. Actually the generic function_regex setting |
288 | # could safely use this too. |
289 | $function_regex = "^([0-9a-fA-F]+)\\s+<(\\w*?)>:"; |
290 | |
291 | # Sparc64 calls '_mcount' instead of plain 'mcount'. |
292 | $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+):.*\\s_mcount\$"; |
293 | |
294 | $alignment = 8; |
295 | $type = ".xword"; |
296 | $ld .= " -m elf64_sparc"; |
297 | $cc .= " -m64"; |
298 | $objcopy .= " -O elf64-sparc"; |
299 | } elsif ($arch eq "mips") { |
300 | # To enable module support, we need to enable the -mlong-calls option |
301 | # of gcc for module, after using this option, we can not get the real |
302 | # offset of the calling to _mcount, but the offset of the lui |
303 | # instruction or the addiu one. herein, we record the address of the |
304 | # first one, and then we can replace this instruction by a branch |
305 | # instruction to jump over the profiling function to filter the |
306 | # indicated functions, or swith back to the lui instruction to trace |
307 | # them, which means dynamic tracing. |
308 | # |
309 | # c: 3c030000 lui v1,0x0 |
310 | # c: R_MIPS_HI16 _mcount |
311 | # c: R_MIPS_NONE *ABS* |
312 | # c: R_MIPS_NONE *ABS* |
313 | # 10: 64630000 daddiu v1,v1,0 |
314 | # 10: R_MIPS_LO16 _mcount |
315 | # 10: R_MIPS_NONE *ABS* |
316 | # 10: R_MIPS_NONE *ABS* |
317 | # 14: 03e0082d move at,ra |
318 | # 18: 0060f809 jalr v1 |
319 | # |
320 | # for the kernel: |
321 | # |
322 | # 10: 03e0082d move at,ra |
323 | # 14: 0c000000 jal 0 <loongson_halt> |
324 | # 14: R_MIPS_26 _mcount |
325 | # 14: R_MIPS_NONE *ABS* |
326 | # 14: R_MIPS_NONE *ABS* |
327 | # 18: 00020021 nop |
328 | if ($is_module eq "0") { |
329 | $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+):.*\\s_mcount\$"; |
330 | } else { |
331 | $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+): R_MIPS_HI16\\s+_mcount\$"; |
332 | } |
333 | $objdump .= " -Melf-trad".$endian."mips "; |
334 | |
335 | if ($endian eq "big") { |
336 | $endian = " -EB "; |
337 | $ld .= " -melf".$bits."btsmip"; |
338 | } else { |
339 | $endian = " -EL "; |
340 | $ld .= " -melf".$bits."ltsmip"; |
341 | } |
342 | |
343 | $cc .= " -mno-abicalls -fno-pic -mabi=" . $bits . $endian; |
344 | $ld .= $endian; |
345 | |
346 | if ($bits == 64) { |
347 | $function_regex = |
348 | "^([0-9a-fA-F]+)\\s+<(.|[^\$]L.*?|\$[^L].*?|[^\$][^L].*?)>:"; |
349 | $type = ".dword"; |
350 | } |
351 | } elsif ($arch eq "microblaze") { |
352 | # Microblaze calls '_mcount' instead of plain 'mcount'. |
353 | $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+):.*\\s_mcount\$"; |
354 | } else { |
355 | die "Arch $arch is not supported with CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD"; |
356 | } |
357 | |
358 | my $text_found = 0; |
359 | my $read_function = 0; |
360 | my $opened = 0; |
361 | my $mcount_section = "__mcount_loc"; |
362 | |
363 | my $dirname; |
364 | my $filename; |
365 | my $prefix; |
366 | my $ext; |
367 | |
368 | if ($inputfile =~ m,^(.*)/([^/]*)$,) { |
369 | $dirname = $1; |
370 | $filename = $2; |
371 | } else { |
372 | $dirname = "."; |
373 | $filename = $inputfile; |
374 | } |
375 | |
376 | if ($filename =~ m,^(.*)(\.\S),) { |
377 | $prefix = $1; |
378 | $ext = $2; |
379 | } else { |
380 | $prefix = $filename; |
381 | $ext = ""; |
382 | } |
383 | |
384 | my $mcount_s = $dirname . "/.tmp_mc_" . $prefix . ".s"; |
385 | my $mcount_o = $dirname . "/.tmp_mc_" . $prefix . ".o"; |
386 | |
387 | check_objcopy(); |
388 | |
389 | # |
390 | # Step 1: find all the local (static functions) and weak symbols. |
391 | # 't' is local, 'w/W' is weak |
392 | # |
393 | open (IN, "$nm $inputfile|") || die "error running $nm"; |
394 | while (<IN>) { |
395 | if (/$local_regex/) { |
396 | $locals{$1} = 1; |
397 | } elsif (/$weak_regex/) { |
398 | $weak{$2} = $1; |
399 | } |
400 | } |
401 | close(IN); |
402 | |
403 | my @offsets; # Array of offsets of mcount callers |
404 | my $ref_func; # reference function to use for offsets |
405 | my $offset = 0; # offset of ref_func to section beginning |
406 | |
407 | ## |
408 | # update_funcs - print out the current mcount callers |
409 | # |
410 | # Go through the list of offsets to callers and write them to |
411 | # the output file in a format that can be read by an assembler. |
412 | # |
413 | sub update_funcs |
414 | { |
415 | return unless ($ref_func and @offsets); |
416 | |
417 | # Sanity check on weak function. A weak function may be overwritten by |
418 | # another function of the same name, making all these offsets incorrect. |
419 | if (defined $weak{$ref_func}) { |
420 | die "$inputfile: ERROR: referencing weak function" . |
421 | " $ref_func for mcount\n"; |
422 | } |
423 | |
424 | # is this function static? If so, note this fact. |
425 | if (defined $locals{$ref_func}) { |
426 | |
427 | # only use locals if objcopy supports globalize-symbols |
428 | if (!$can_use_local) { |
429 | return; |
430 | } |
431 | $convert{$ref_func} = 1; |
432 | } |
433 | |
434 | # Loop through all the mcount caller offsets and print a reference |
435 | # to the caller based from the ref_func. |
436 | if (!$opened) { |
437 | open(FILE, ">$mcount_s") || die "can't create $mcount_s\n"; |
438 | $opened = 1; |
439 | print FILE "\t.section $mcount_section,\"a\",$section_type\n"; |
440 | print FILE "\t.align $alignment\n" if (defined($alignment)); |
441 | } |
442 | foreach my $cur_offset (@offsets) { |
443 | printf FILE "\t%s %s + %d\n", $type, $ref_func, $cur_offset - $offset; |
444 | } |
445 | } |
446 | |
447 | # |
448 | # Step 2: find the sections and mcount call sites |
449 | # |
450 | open(IN, "$objdump -hdr $inputfile|") || die "error running $objdump"; |
451 | |
452 | my $text; |
453 | |
454 | |
455 | # read headers first |
456 | my $read_headers = 1; |
457 | |
458 | while (<IN>) { |
459 | |
460 | if ($read_headers && /$mcount_section/) { |
461 | # |
462 | # Somehow the make process can execute this script on an |
463 | # object twice. If it does, we would duplicate the mcount |
464 | # section and it will cause the function tracer self test |
465 | # to fail. Check if the mcount section exists, and if it does, |
466 | # warn and exit. |
467 | # |
468 | print STDERR "ERROR: $mcount_section already in $inputfile\n" . |
469 | "\tThis may be an indication that your build is corrupted.\n" . |
470 | "\tDelete $inputfile and try again. If the same object file\n" . |
471 | "\tstill causes an issue, then disable CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE.\n"; |
472 | exit(-1); |
473 | } |
474 | |
475 | # is it a section? |
476 | if (/$section_regex/) { |
477 | $read_headers = 0; |
478 | |
479 | # Only record text sections that we know are safe |
480 | $read_function = defined($text_sections{$1}); |
481 | # print out any recorded offsets |
482 | update_funcs(); |
483 | |
484 | # reset all markers and arrays |
485 | $text_found = 0; |
486 | undef($ref_func); |
487 | undef(@offsets); |
488 | |
489 | # section found, now is this a start of a function? |
490 | } elsif ($read_function && /$function_regex/) { |
491 | $text_found = 1; |
492 | $text = $2; |
493 | |
494 | # if this is either a local function or a weak function |
495 | # keep looking for functions that are global that |
496 | # we can use safely. |
497 | if (!defined($locals{$text}) && !defined($weak{$text})) { |
498 | $ref_func = $text; |
499 | $read_function = 0; |
500 | $offset = hex $1; |
501 | } else { |
502 | # if we already have a function, and this is weak, skip it |
503 | if (!defined($ref_func) && !defined($weak{$text}) && |
504 | # PPC64 can have symbols that start with .L and |
505 | # gcc considers these special. Don't use them! |
506 | $text !~ /^\.L/) { |
507 | $ref_func = $text; |
508 | $offset = hex $1; |
509 | } |
510 | } |
511 | } |
512 | # is this a call site to mcount? If so, record it to print later |
513 | if ($text_found && /$mcount_regex/) { |
514 | push(@offsets, hex $1); |
515 | } |
516 | } |
517 | |
518 | # dump out anymore offsets that may have been found |
519 | update_funcs(); |
520 | |
521 | # If we did not find any mcount callers, we are done (do nothing). |
522 | if (!$opened) { |
523 | exit(0); |
524 | } |
525 | |
526 | close(FILE); |
527 | |
528 | # |
529 | # Step 3: Compile the file that holds the list of call sites to mcount. |
530 | # |
531 | `$cc -o $mcount_o -c $mcount_s`; |
532 | |
533 | my @converts = keys %convert; |
534 | |
535 | # |
536 | # Step 4: Do we have sections that started with local functions? |
537 | # |
538 | if ($#converts >= 0) { |
539 | my $globallist = ""; |
540 | my $locallist = ""; |
541 | |
542 | foreach my $con (@converts) { |
543 | $globallist .= " --globalize-symbol $con"; |
544 | $locallist .= " --localize-symbol $con"; |
545 | } |
546 | |
547 | my $globalobj = $dirname . "/.tmp_gl_" . $filename; |
548 | my $globalmix = $dirname . "/.tmp_mx_" . $filename; |
549 | |
550 | # |
551 | # Step 5: set up each local function as a global |
552 | # |
553 | `$objcopy $globallist $inputfile $globalobj`; |
554 | |
555 | # |
556 | # Step 6: Link the global version to our list. |
557 | # |
558 | `$ld -r $globalobj $mcount_o -o $globalmix`; |
559 | |
560 | # |
561 | # Step 7: Convert the local functions back into local symbols |
562 | # |
563 | `$objcopy $locallist $globalmix $inputfile`; |
564 | |
565 | # Remove the temp files |
566 | `$rm $globalobj $globalmix`; |
567 | |
568 | } else { |
569 | |
570 | my $mix = $dirname . "/.tmp_mx_" . $filename; |
571 | |
572 | # |
573 | # Step 8: Link the object with our list of call sites object. |
574 | # |
575 | `$ld -r $inputfile $mcount_o -o $mix`; |
576 | |
577 | # |
578 | # Step 9: Move the result back to the original object. |
579 | # |
580 | `$mv $mix $inputfile`; |
581 | } |
582 | |
583 | # Clean up the temp files |
584 | `$rm $mcount_o $mcount_s`; |
585 | |
586 | exit(0); |
587 |
Branches:
ben-wpan
ben-wpan-stefan
javiroman/ks7010
jz-2.6.34
jz-2.6.34-rc5
jz-2.6.34-rc6
jz-2.6.34-rc7
jz-2.6.35
jz-2.6.36
jz-2.6.37
jz-2.6.38
jz-2.6.39
jz-3.0
jz-3.1
jz-3.11
jz-3.12
jz-3.13
jz-3.15
jz-3.16
jz-3.18-dt
jz-3.2
jz-3.3
jz-3.4
jz-3.5
jz-3.6
jz-3.6-rc2-pwm
jz-3.9
jz-3.9-clk
jz-3.9-rc8
jz47xx
jz47xx-2.6.38
master
Tags:
od-2011-09-04
od-2011-09-18
v2.6.34-rc5
v2.6.34-rc6
v2.6.34-rc7
v3.9