Root/Documentation/spi/pxa2xx

1PXA2xx SPI on SSP driver HOWTO
2===================================================
3This a mini howto on the pxa2xx_spi driver. The driver turns a PXA2xx
4synchronous serial port into a SPI master controller
5(see Documentation/spi/spi_summary). The driver has the following features
6
7- Support for any PXA2xx SSP
8- SSP PIO and SSP DMA data transfers.
9- External and Internal (SSPFRM) chip selects.
10- Per slave device (chip) configuration.
11- Full suspend, freeze, resume support.
12
13The driver is built around a "spi_message" fifo serviced by workqueue and a
14tasklet. The workqueue, "pump_messages", drives message fifo and the tasklet
15(pump_transfer) is responsible for queuing SPI transactions and setting up and
16launching the dma/interrupt driven transfers.
17
18Declaring PXA2xx Master Controllers
19-----------------------------------
20Typically a SPI master is defined in the arch/.../mach-*/board-*.c as a
21"platform device". The master configuration is passed to the driver via a table
22found in include/linux/spi/pxa2xx_spi.h:
23
24struct pxa2xx_spi_master {
25    u32 clock_enable;
26    u16 num_chipselect;
27    u8 enable_dma;
28};
29
30The "pxa2xx_spi_master.clock_enable" field is used to enable/disable the
31corresponding SSP peripheral block in the "Clock Enable Register (CKEN"). See
32the "PXA2xx Developer Manual" section "Clocks and Power Management".
33
34The "pxa2xx_spi_master.num_chipselect" field is used to determine the number of
35slave device (chips) attached to this SPI master.
36
37The "pxa2xx_spi_master.enable_dma" field informs the driver that SSP DMA should
38be used. This caused the driver to acquire two DMA channels: rx_channel and
39tx_channel. The rx_channel has a higher DMA service priority the tx_channel.
40See the "PXA2xx Developer Manual" section "DMA Controller".
41
42NSSP MASTER SAMPLE
43------------------
44Below is a sample configuration using the PXA255 NSSP.
45
46static struct resource pxa_spi_nssp_resources[] = {
47    [0] = {
48        .start = __PREG(SSCR0_P(2)), /* Start address of NSSP */
49        .end = __PREG(SSCR0_P(2)) + 0x2c, /* Range of registers */
50        .flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
51    },
52    [1] = {
53        .start = IRQ_NSSP, /* NSSP IRQ */
54        .end = IRQ_NSSP,
55        .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
56    },
57};
58
59static struct pxa2xx_spi_master pxa_nssp_master_info = {
60    .clock_enable = CKEN_NSSP, /* NSSP Peripheral clock */
61    .num_chipselect = 1, /* Matches the number of chips attached to NSSP */
62    .enable_dma = 1, /* Enables NSSP DMA */
63};
64
65static struct platform_device pxa_spi_nssp = {
66    .name = "pxa2xx-spi", /* MUST BE THIS VALUE, so device match driver */
67    .id = 2, /* Bus number, MUST MATCH SSP number 1..n */
68    .resource = pxa_spi_nssp_resources,
69    .num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(pxa_spi_nssp_resources),
70    .dev = {
71        .platform_data = &pxa_nssp_master_info, /* Passed to driver */
72    },
73};
74
75static struct platform_device *devices[] __initdata = {
76    &pxa_spi_nssp,
77};
78
79static void __init board_init(void)
80{
81    (void)platform_add_device(devices, ARRAY_SIZE(devices));
82}
83
84Declaring Slave Devices
85-----------------------
86Typically each SPI slave (chip) is defined in the arch/.../mach-*/board-*.c
87using the "spi_board_info" structure found in "linux/spi/spi.h". See
88"Documentation/spi/spi_summary" for additional information.
89
90Each slave device attached to the PXA must provide slave specific configuration
91information via the structure "pxa2xx_spi_chip" found in
92"include/linux/spi/pxa2xx_spi.h". The pxa2xx_spi master controller driver
93will uses the configuration whenever the driver communicates with the slave
94device. All fields are optional.
95
96struct pxa2xx_spi_chip {
97    u8 tx_threshold;
98    u8 rx_threshold;
99    u8 dma_burst_size;
100    u32 timeout;
101    u8 enable_loopback;
102    void (*cs_control)(u32 command);
103};
104
105The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.tx_threshold" and "pxa2xx_spi_chip.rx_threshold" fields are
106used to configure the SSP hardware fifo. These fields are critical to the
107performance of pxa2xx_spi driver and misconfiguration will result in rx
108fifo overruns (especially in PIO mode transfers). Good default values are
109
110    .tx_threshold = 8,
111    .rx_threshold = 8,
112
113The range is 1 to 16 where zero indicates "use default".
114
115The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.dma_burst_size" field is used to configure PXA2xx DMA
116engine and is related the "spi_device.bits_per_word" field. Read and understand
117the PXA2xx "Developer Manual" sections on the DMA controller and SSP Controllers
118to determine the correct value. An SSP configured for byte-wide transfers would
119use a value of 8. The driver will determine a reasonable default if
120dma_burst_size == 0.
121
122The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.timeout" fields is used to efficiently handle
123trailing bytes in the SSP receiver fifo. The correct value for this field is
124dependent on the SPI bus speed ("spi_board_info.max_speed_hz") and the specific
125slave device. Please note that the PXA2xx SSP 1 does not support trailing byte
126timeouts and must busy-wait any trailing bytes.
127
128The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.enable_loopback" field is used to place the SSP porting
129into internal loopback mode. In this mode the SSP controller internally
130connects the SSPTX pin to the SSPRX pin. This is useful for initial setup
131testing.
132
133The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.cs_control" field is used to point to a board specific
134function for asserting/deasserting a slave device chip select. If the field is
135NULL, the pxa2xx_spi master controller driver assumes that the SSP port is
136configured to use SSPFRM instead.
137
138NOTE: the SPI driver cannot control the chip select if SSPFRM is used, so the
139chipselect is dropped after each spi_transfer. Most devices need chip select
140asserted around the complete message. Use SSPFRM as a GPIO (through cs_control)
141to accommodate these chips.
142
143
144NSSP SLAVE SAMPLE
145-----------------
146The pxa2xx_spi_chip structure is passed to the pxa2xx_spi driver in the
147"spi_board_info.controller_data" field. Below is a sample configuration using
148the PXA255 NSSP.
149
150/* Chip Select control for the CS8415A SPI slave device */
151static void cs8415a_cs_control(u32 command)
152{
153    if (command & PXA2XX_CS_ASSERT)
154        GPCR(2) = GPIO_bit(2);
155    else
156        GPSR(2) = GPIO_bit(2);
157}
158
159/* Chip Select control for the CS8405A SPI slave device */
160static void cs8405a_cs_control(u32 command)
161{
162    if (command & PXA2XX_CS_ASSERT)
163        GPCR(3) = GPIO_bit(3);
164    else
165        GPSR(3) = GPIO_bit(3);
166}
167
168static struct pxa2xx_spi_chip cs8415a_chip_info = {
169    .tx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
170    .rx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
171    .dma_burst_size = 8, /* Byte wide transfers used so 8 byte bursts */
172    .timeout = 235, /* See Intel documentation */
173    .cs_control = cs8415a_cs_control, /* Use external chip select */
174};
175
176static struct pxa2xx_spi_chip cs8405a_chip_info = {
177    .tx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
178    .rx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
179    .dma_burst_size = 8, /* Byte wide transfers used so 8 byte bursts */
180    .timeout = 235, /* See Intel documentation */
181    .cs_control = cs8405a_cs_control, /* Use external chip select */
182};
183
184static struct spi_board_info streetracer_spi_board_info[] __initdata = {
185    {
186        .modalias = "cs8415a", /* Name of spi_driver for this device */
187        .max_speed_hz = 3686400, /* Run SSP as fast a possbile */
188        .bus_num = 2, /* Framework bus number */
189        .chip_select = 0, /* Framework chip select */
190        .platform_data = NULL; /* No spi_driver specific config */
191        .controller_data = &cs8415a_chip_info, /* Master chip config */
192        .irq = STREETRACER_APCI_IRQ, /* Slave device interrupt */
193    },
194    {
195        .modalias = "cs8405a", /* Name of spi_driver for this device */
196        .max_speed_hz = 3686400, /* Run SSP as fast a possbile */
197        .bus_num = 2, /* Framework bus number */
198        .chip_select = 1, /* Framework chip select */
199        .controller_data = &cs8405a_chip_info, /* Master chip config */
200        .irq = STREETRACER_APCI_IRQ, /* Slave device interrupt */
201    },
202};
203
204static void __init streetracer_init(void)
205{
206    spi_register_board_info(streetracer_spi_board_info,
207                ARRAY_SIZE(streetracer_spi_board_info));
208}
209
210
211DMA and PIO I/O Support
212-----------------------
213The pxa2xx_spi driver supports both DMA and interrupt driven PIO message
214transfers. The driver defaults to PIO mode and DMA transfers must be enabled
215by setting the "enable_dma" flag in the "pxa2xx_spi_master" structure. The DMA
216mode supports both coherent and stream based DMA mappings.
217
218The following logic is used to determine the type of I/O to be used on
219a per "spi_transfer" basis:
220
221if !enable_dma then
222    always use PIO transfers
223
224if spi_message.len > 8191 then
225    print "rate limited" warning
226    use PIO transfers
227
228if spi_message.is_dma_mapped and rx_dma_buf != 0 and tx_dma_buf != 0 then
229    use coherent DMA mode
230
231if rx_buf and tx_buf are aligned on 8 byte boundary then
232    use streaming DMA mode
233
234otherwise
235    use PIO transfer
236
237THANKS TO
238---------
239
240David Brownell and others for mentoring the development of this driver.
241
242

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