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1 | Intro |
2 | ===== |
3 | |
4 | This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of |
5 | software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels. |
6 | |
7 | This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels |
8 | and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, |
9 | Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the |
10 | 'net). |
11 | |
12 | Current Minimal Requirements |
13 | ============================ |
14 | |
15 | Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've |
16 | encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently |
17 | running, the suggested command should tell you. |
18 | |
19 | Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally |
20 | running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all |
21 | systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example, |
22 | you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils. |
23 | |
24 | o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version |
25 | o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version |
26 | o binutils 2.12 # ld -v |
27 | o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version |
28 | o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V |
29 | o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V |
30 | o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V |
31 | o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V |
32 | o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V |
33 | o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version |
34 | o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck |
35 | o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V |
36 | o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V |
37 | o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version |
38 | o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version |
39 | o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version |
40 | o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version |
41 | o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version |
42 | o udev 081 # udevd --version |
43 | o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version |
44 | o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version |
45 | o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V |
46 | |
47 | |
48 | Kernel compilation |
49 | ================== |
50 | |
51 | GCC |
52 | --- |
53 | |
54 | The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your |
55 | computer. |
56 | |
57 | Make |
58 | ---- |
59 | |
60 | You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel. |
61 | |
62 | Binutils |
63 | -------- |
64 | |
65 | Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for |
66 | assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile |
67 | your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent |
68 | release of binutils. |
69 | |
70 | Perl |
71 | ---- |
72 | |
73 | You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, |
74 | File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel. |
75 | |
76 | |
77 | System utilities |
78 | ================ |
79 | |
80 | Architectural changes |
81 | --------------------- |
82 | |
83 | DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev |
84 | (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) |
85 | |
86 | 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! |
87 | |
88 | Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline |
89 | documentation via specially-formatted comments near their |
90 | definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the |
91 | SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook |
92 | files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript, |
93 | HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from |
94 | DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as |
95 | well as the desired DocBook stylesheets. |
96 | |
97 | Util-linux |
98 | ---------- |
99 | |
100 | New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks, |
101 | support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition |
102 | types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies. |
103 | You'll probably want to upgrade. |
104 | |
105 | Ksymoops |
106 | -------- |
107 | |
108 | If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the |
109 | ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. |
110 | It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so |
111 | that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also |
112 | produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel |
113 | is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and |
114 | reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops |
115 | with ksymoops. |
116 | |
117 | Module-Init-Tools |
118 | ----------------- |
119 | |
120 | A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools |
121 | to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels. |
122 | |
123 | Mkinitrd |
124 | -------- |
125 | |
126 | These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that |
127 | mkinitrd be upgraded. |
128 | |
129 | E2fsprogs |
130 | --------- |
131 | |
132 | The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and |
133 | debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. |
134 | |
135 | JFSutils |
136 | -------- |
137 | |
138 | The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system. |
139 | The following utilities are available: |
140 | o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check |
141 | and repair a JFS formatted partition. |
142 | o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition. |
143 | o other file system utilities are also available in this package. |
144 | |
145 | Reiserfsprogs |
146 | ------------- |
147 | |
148 | The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x |
149 | (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working |
150 | versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and |
151 | reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. |
152 | |
153 | Xfsprogs |
154 | -------- |
155 | |
156 | The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the |
157 | xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is |
158 | architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should |
159 | work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or |
160 | later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). |
161 | |
162 | PCMCIAutils |
163 | ----------- |
164 | |
165 | PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up |
166 | PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules |
167 | for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug |
168 | subsystem is used. |
169 | |
170 | Pcmcia-cs |
171 | --------- |
172 | |
173 | PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main |
174 | kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs |
175 | for newest kernels. |
176 | |
177 | Quota-tools |
178 | ----------- |
179 | |
180 | Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use |
181 | the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and |
182 | newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer |
183 | from the table above. |
184 | |
185 | Intel IA32 microcode |
186 | -------------------- |
187 | |
188 | A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, |
189 | accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using |
190 | udev you may need to: |
191 | |
192 | mkdir /dev/cpu |
193 | mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 |
194 | chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode |
195 | |
196 | as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to |
197 | get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. |
198 | |
199 | udev |
200 | ---- |
201 | udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with |
202 | only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic |
203 | functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for |
204 | devices. |
205 | |
206 | FUSE |
207 | ---- |
208 | |
209 | Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount |
210 | options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work. |
211 | |
212 | Networking |
213 | ========== |
214 | |
215 | General changes |
216 | --------------- |
217 | |
218 | If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably |
219 | consider using the network tools from ip-route2. |
220 | |
221 | Packet Filter / NAT |
222 | ------------------- |
223 | The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x |
224 | kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules |
225 | for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. |
226 | |
227 | PPP |
228 | --- |
229 | |
230 | The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to |
231 | enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, |
232 | upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. |
233 | |
234 | If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp |
235 | which can be made by: |
236 | |
237 | mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 |
238 | |
239 | as root. |
240 | |
241 | Isdn4k-utils |
242 | ------------ |
243 | |
244 | Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils |
245 | needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded. |
246 | |
247 | NFS-utils |
248 | --------- |
249 | |
250 | In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know |
251 | about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This |
252 | information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client |
253 | mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs |
254 | would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab. |
255 | |
256 | This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct |
257 | which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement |
258 | fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from |
259 | getting lots of old entries that never get removed. |
260 | |
261 | With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd |
262 | when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give |
263 | appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the |
264 | dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about |
265 | currently active clients. |
266 | |
267 | To enable this new functionality, you need to: |
268 | |
269 | mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd |
270 | |
271 | before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS |
272 | services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where |
273 | that is possible. |
274 | |
275 | mcelog |
276 | ------ |
277 | |
278 | In Linux 2.6.31+ the i386 kernel needs to run the mcelog utility |
279 | as a regular cronjob similar to the x86-64 kernel to process and log |
280 | machine check events when CONFIG_X86_NEW_MCE is enabled. Machine check |
281 | events are errors reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged. |
282 | All x86-64 kernels since 2.6.4 require the mcelog utility to |
283 | process machine checks. |
284 | |
285 | Getting updated software |
286 | ======================== |
287 | |
288 | Kernel compilation |
289 | ****************** |
290 | |
291 | gcc |
292 | --- |
293 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> |
294 | |
295 | Make |
296 | ---- |
297 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> |
298 | |
299 | Binutils |
300 | -------- |
301 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> |
302 | |
303 | System utilities |
304 | **************** |
305 | |
306 | Util-linux |
307 | ---------- |
308 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> |
309 | |
310 | Ksymoops |
311 | -------- |
312 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> |
313 | |
314 | Module-Init-Tools |
315 | ----------------- |
316 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/> |
317 | |
318 | Mkinitrd |
319 | -------- |
320 | o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main> |
321 | |
322 | E2fsprogs |
323 | --------- |
324 | o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz> |
325 | |
326 | JFSutils |
327 | -------- |
328 | o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> |
329 | |
330 | Reiserfsprogs |
331 | ------------- |
332 | o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/> |
333 | |
334 | Xfsprogs |
335 | -------- |
336 | o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/> |
337 | |
338 | Pcmciautils |
339 | ----------- |
340 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/> |
341 | |
342 | Pcmcia-cs |
343 | --------- |
344 | o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/> |
345 | |
346 | Quota-tools |
347 | ---------- |
348 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> |
349 | |
350 | DocBook Stylesheets |
351 | ------------------- |
352 | o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/> |
353 | |
354 | XMLTO XSLT Frontend |
355 | ------------------- |
356 | o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/> |
357 | |
358 | Intel P6 microcode |
359 | ------------------ |
360 | o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/> |
361 | |
362 | udev |
363 | ---- |
364 | o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html> |
365 | |
366 | FUSE |
367 | ---- |
368 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse> |
369 | |
370 | mcelog |
371 | ------ |
372 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/> |
373 | |
374 | Networking |
375 | ********** |
376 | |
377 | PPP |
378 | --- |
379 | o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/> |
380 | |
381 | Isdn4k-utils |
382 | ------------ |
383 | o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/> |
384 | |
385 | NFS-utils |
386 | --------- |
387 | o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> |
388 | |
389 | Iptables |
390 | -------- |
391 | o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html> |
392 | |
393 | Ip-route2 |
394 | --------- |
395 | o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz> |
396 | |
397 | OProfile |
398 | -------- |
399 | o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/> |
400 | |
401 | NFS-Utils |
402 | --------- |
403 | o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/> |
404 | |
405 |
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