Root/tools/perf/builtin-kmem.c

1#include "builtin.h"
2#include "perf.h"
3
4#include "util/util.h"
5#include "util/cache.h"
6#include "util/symbol.h"
7#include "util/thread.h"
8#include "util/header.h"
9#include "util/session.h"
10#include "util/tool.h"
11
12#include "util/parse-options.h"
13#include "util/trace-event.h"
14
15#include "util/debug.h"
16
17#include <linux/rbtree.h>
18
19struct alloc_stat;
20typedef int (*sort_fn_t)(struct alloc_stat *, struct alloc_stat *);
21
22static const char *input_name;
23
24static int alloc_flag;
25static int caller_flag;
26
27static int alloc_lines = -1;
28static int caller_lines = -1;
29
30static bool raw_ip;
31
32static char default_sort_order[] = "frag,hit,bytes";
33
34static int *cpunode_map;
35static int max_cpu_num;
36
37struct alloc_stat {
38    u64 call_site;
39    u64 ptr;
40    u64 bytes_req;
41    u64 bytes_alloc;
42    u32 hit;
43    u32 pingpong;
44
45    short alloc_cpu;
46
47    struct rb_node node;
48};
49
50static struct rb_root root_alloc_stat;
51static struct rb_root root_alloc_sorted;
52static struct rb_root root_caller_stat;
53static struct rb_root root_caller_sorted;
54
55static unsigned long total_requested, total_allocated;
56static unsigned long nr_allocs, nr_cross_allocs;
57
58#define PATH_SYS_NODE "/sys/devices/system/node"
59
60static void init_cpunode_map(void)
61{
62    FILE *fp;
63    int i;
64
65    fp = fopen("/sys/devices/system/cpu/kernel_max", "r");
66    if (!fp) {
67        max_cpu_num = 4096;
68        return;
69    }
70
71    if (fscanf(fp, "%d", &max_cpu_num) < 1)
72        die("Failed to read 'kernel_max' from sysfs");
73    max_cpu_num++;
74
75    cpunode_map = calloc(max_cpu_num, sizeof(int));
76    if (!cpunode_map)
77        die("calloc");
78    for (i = 0; i < max_cpu_num; i++)
79        cpunode_map[i] = -1;
80    fclose(fp);
81}
82
83static void setup_cpunode_map(void)
84{
85    struct dirent *dent1, *dent2;
86    DIR *dir1, *dir2;
87    unsigned int cpu, mem;
88    char buf[PATH_MAX];
89
90    init_cpunode_map();
91
92    dir1 = opendir(PATH_SYS_NODE);
93    if (!dir1)
94        return;
95
96    while ((dent1 = readdir(dir1)) != NULL) {
97        if (dent1->d_type != DT_DIR ||
98            sscanf(dent1->d_name, "node%u", &mem) < 1)
99            continue;
100
101        snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", PATH_SYS_NODE, dent1->d_name);
102        dir2 = opendir(buf);
103        if (!dir2)
104            continue;
105        while ((dent2 = readdir(dir2)) != NULL) {
106            if (dent2->d_type != DT_LNK ||
107                sscanf(dent2->d_name, "cpu%u", &cpu) < 1)
108                continue;
109            cpunode_map[cpu] = mem;
110        }
111        closedir(dir2);
112    }
113    closedir(dir1);
114}
115
116static void insert_alloc_stat(unsigned long call_site, unsigned long ptr,
117                  int bytes_req, int bytes_alloc, int cpu)
118{
119    struct rb_node **node = &root_alloc_stat.rb_node;
120    struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
121    struct alloc_stat *data = NULL;
122
123    while (*node) {
124        parent = *node;
125        data = rb_entry(*node, struct alloc_stat, node);
126
127        if (ptr > data->ptr)
128            node = &(*node)->rb_right;
129        else if (ptr < data->ptr)
130            node = &(*node)->rb_left;
131        else
132            break;
133    }
134
135    if (data && data->ptr == ptr) {
136        data->hit++;
137        data->bytes_req += bytes_req;
138        data->bytes_alloc += bytes_alloc;
139    } else {
140        data = malloc(sizeof(*data));
141        if (!data)
142            die("malloc");
143        data->ptr = ptr;
144        data->pingpong = 0;
145        data->hit = 1;
146        data->bytes_req = bytes_req;
147        data->bytes_alloc = bytes_alloc;
148
149        rb_link_node(&data->node, parent, node);
150        rb_insert_color(&data->node, &root_alloc_stat);
151    }
152    data->call_site = call_site;
153    data->alloc_cpu = cpu;
154}
155
156static void insert_caller_stat(unsigned long call_site,
157                  int bytes_req, int bytes_alloc)
158{
159    struct rb_node **node = &root_caller_stat.rb_node;
160    struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
161    struct alloc_stat *data = NULL;
162
163    while (*node) {
164        parent = *node;
165        data = rb_entry(*node, struct alloc_stat, node);
166
167        if (call_site > data->call_site)
168            node = &(*node)->rb_right;
169        else if (call_site < data->call_site)
170            node = &(*node)->rb_left;
171        else
172            break;
173    }
174
175    if (data && data->call_site == call_site) {
176        data->hit++;
177        data->bytes_req += bytes_req;
178        data->bytes_alloc += bytes_alloc;
179    } else {
180        data = malloc(sizeof(*data));
181        if (!data)
182            die("malloc");
183        data->call_site = call_site;
184        data->pingpong = 0;
185        data->hit = 1;
186        data->bytes_req = bytes_req;
187        data->bytes_alloc = bytes_alloc;
188
189        rb_link_node(&data->node, parent, node);
190        rb_insert_color(&data->node, &root_caller_stat);
191    }
192}
193
194static void process_alloc_event(void *data,
195                struct event *event,
196                int cpu,
197                u64 timestamp __used,
198                struct thread *thread __used,
199                int node)
200{
201    unsigned long call_site;
202    unsigned long ptr;
203    int bytes_req;
204    int bytes_alloc;
205    int node1, node2;
206
207    ptr = raw_field_value(event, "ptr", data);
208    call_site = raw_field_value(event, "call_site", data);
209    bytes_req = raw_field_value(event, "bytes_req", data);
210    bytes_alloc = raw_field_value(event, "bytes_alloc", data);
211
212    insert_alloc_stat(call_site, ptr, bytes_req, bytes_alloc, cpu);
213    insert_caller_stat(call_site, bytes_req, bytes_alloc);
214
215    total_requested += bytes_req;
216    total_allocated += bytes_alloc;
217
218    if (node) {
219        node1 = cpunode_map[cpu];
220        node2 = raw_field_value(event, "node", data);
221        if (node1 != node2)
222            nr_cross_allocs++;
223    }
224    nr_allocs++;
225}
226
227static int ptr_cmp(struct alloc_stat *, struct alloc_stat *);
228static int callsite_cmp(struct alloc_stat *, struct alloc_stat *);
229
230static struct alloc_stat *search_alloc_stat(unsigned long ptr,
231                        unsigned long call_site,
232                        struct rb_root *root,
233                        sort_fn_t sort_fn)
234{
235    struct rb_node *node = root->rb_node;
236    struct alloc_stat key = { .ptr = ptr, .call_site = call_site };
237
238    while (node) {
239        struct alloc_stat *data;
240        int cmp;
241
242        data = rb_entry(node, struct alloc_stat, node);
243
244        cmp = sort_fn(&key, data);
245        if (cmp < 0)
246            node = node->rb_left;
247        else if (cmp > 0)
248            node = node->rb_right;
249        else
250            return data;
251    }
252    return NULL;
253}
254
255static void process_free_event(void *data,
256                   struct event *event,
257                   int cpu,
258                   u64 timestamp __used,
259                   struct thread *thread __used)
260{
261    unsigned long ptr;
262    struct alloc_stat *s_alloc, *s_caller;
263
264    ptr = raw_field_value(event, "ptr", data);
265
266    s_alloc = search_alloc_stat(ptr, 0, &root_alloc_stat, ptr_cmp);
267    if (!s_alloc)
268        return;
269
270    if (cpu != s_alloc->alloc_cpu) {
271        s_alloc->pingpong++;
272
273        s_caller = search_alloc_stat(0, s_alloc->call_site,
274                         &root_caller_stat, callsite_cmp);
275        assert(s_caller);
276        s_caller->pingpong++;
277    }
278    s_alloc->alloc_cpu = -1;
279}
280
281static void process_raw_event(union perf_event *raw_event __used, void *data,
282                  int cpu, u64 timestamp, struct thread *thread)
283{
284    struct event *event;
285    int type;
286
287    type = trace_parse_common_type(data);
288    event = trace_find_event(type);
289
290    if (!strcmp(event->name, "kmalloc") ||
291        !strcmp(event->name, "kmem_cache_alloc")) {
292        process_alloc_event(data, event, cpu, timestamp, thread, 0);
293        return;
294    }
295
296    if (!strcmp(event->name, "kmalloc_node") ||
297        !strcmp(event->name, "kmem_cache_alloc_node")) {
298        process_alloc_event(data, event, cpu, timestamp, thread, 1);
299        return;
300    }
301
302    if (!strcmp(event->name, "kfree") ||
303        !strcmp(event->name, "kmem_cache_free")) {
304        process_free_event(data, event, cpu, timestamp, thread);
305        return;
306    }
307}
308
309static int process_sample_event(struct perf_tool *tool __used,
310                union perf_event *event,
311                struct perf_sample *sample,
312                struct perf_evsel *evsel __used,
313                struct machine *machine)
314{
315    struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, event->ip.pid);
316
317    if (thread == NULL) {
318        pr_debug("problem processing %d event, skipping it.\n",
319             event->header.type);
320        return -1;
321    }
322
323    dump_printf(" ... thread: %s:%d\n", thread->comm, thread->pid);
324
325    process_raw_event(event, sample->raw_data, sample->cpu,
326              sample->time, thread);
327
328    return 0;
329}
330
331static struct perf_tool perf_kmem = {
332    .sample = process_sample_event,
333    .comm = perf_event__process_comm,
334    .ordered_samples = true,
335};
336
337static double fragmentation(unsigned long n_req, unsigned long n_alloc)
338{
339    if (n_alloc == 0)
340        return 0.0;
341    else
342        return 100.0 - (100.0 * n_req / n_alloc);
343}
344
345static void __print_result(struct rb_root *root, struct perf_session *session,
346               int n_lines, int is_caller)
347{
348    struct rb_node *next;
349    struct machine *machine;
350
351    printf("%.102s\n", graph_dotted_line);
352    printf(" %-34s |", is_caller ? "Callsite": "Alloc Ptr");
353    printf(" Total_alloc/Per | Total_req/Per | Hit | Ping-pong | Frag\n");
354    printf("%.102s\n", graph_dotted_line);
355
356    next = rb_first(root);
357
358    machine = perf_session__find_host_machine(session);
359    if (!machine) {
360        pr_err("__print_result: couldn't find kernel information\n");
361        return;
362    }
363    while (next && n_lines--) {
364        struct alloc_stat *data = rb_entry(next, struct alloc_stat,
365                           node);
366        struct symbol *sym = NULL;
367        struct map *map;
368        char buf[BUFSIZ];
369        u64 addr;
370
371        if (is_caller) {
372            addr = data->call_site;
373            if (!raw_ip)
374                sym = machine__find_kernel_function(machine, addr, &map, NULL);
375        } else
376            addr = data->ptr;
377
378        if (sym != NULL)
379            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s+%" PRIx64 "", sym->name,
380                 addr - map->unmap_ip(map, sym->start));
381        else
382            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%#" PRIx64 "", addr);
383        printf(" %-34s |", buf);
384
385        printf(" %9llu/%-5lu | %9llu/%-5lu | %8lu | %8lu | %6.3f%%\n",
386               (unsigned long long)data->bytes_alloc,
387               (unsigned long)data->bytes_alloc / data->hit,
388               (unsigned long long)data->bytes_req,
389               (unsigned long)data->bytes_req / data->hit,
390               (unsigned long)data->hit,
391               (unsigned long)data->pingpong,
392               fragmentation(data->bytes_req, data->bytes_alloc));
393
394        next = rb_next(next);
395    }
396
397    if (n_lines == -1)
398        printf(" ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... \n");
399
400    printf("%.102s\n", graph_dotted_line);
401}
402
403static void print_summary(void)
404{
405    printf("\nSUMMARY\n=======\n");
406    printf("Total bytes requested: %lu\n", total_requested);
407    printf("Total bytes allocated: %lu\n", total_allocated);
408    printf("Total bytes wasted on internal fragmentation: %lu\n",
409           total_allocated - total_requested);
410    printf("Internal fragmentation: %f%%\n",
411           fragmentation(total_requested, total_allocated));
412    printf("Cross CPU allocations: %lu/%lu\n", nr_cross_allocs, nr_allocs);
413}
414
415static void print_result(struct perf_session *session)
416{
417    if (caller_flag)
418        __print_result(&root_caller_sorted, session, caller_lines, 1);
419    if (alloc_flag)
420        __print_result(&root_alloc_sorted, session, alloc_lines, 0);
421    print_summary();
422}
423
424struct sort_dimension {
425    const char name[20];
426    sort_fn_t cmp;
427    struct list_head list;
428};
429
430static LIST_HEAD(caller_sort);
431static LIST_HEAD(alloc_sort);
432
433static void sort_insert(struct rb_root *root, struct alloc_stat *data,
434            struct list_head *sort_list)
435{
436    struct rb_node **new = &(root->rb_node);
437    struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
438    struct sort_dimension *sort;
439
440    while (*new) {
441        struct alloc_stat *this;
442        int cmp = 0;
443
444        this = rb_entry(*new, struct alloc_stat, node);
445        parent = *new;
446
447        list_for_each_entry(sort, sort_list, list) {
448            cmp = sort->cmp(data, this);
449            if (cmp)
450                break;
451        }
452
453        if (cmp > 0)
454            new = &((*new)->rb_left);
455        else
456            new = &((*new)->rb_right);
457    }
458
459    rb_link_node(&data->node, parent, new);
460    rb_insert_color(&data->node, root);
461}
462
463static void __sort_result(struct rb_root *root, struct rb_root *root_sorted,
464              struct list_head *sort_list)
465{
466    struct rb_node *node;
467    struct alloc_stat *data;
468
469    for (;;) {
470        node = rb_first(root);
471        if (!node)
472            break;
473
474        rb_erase(node, root);
475        data = rb_entry(node, struct alloc_stat, node);
476        sort_insert(root_sorted, data, sort_list);
477    }
478}
479
480static void sort_result(void)
481{
482    __sort_result(&root_alloc_stat, &root_alloc_sorted, &alloc_sort);
483    __sort_result(&root_caller_stat, &root_caller_sorted, &caller_sort);
484}
485
486static int __cmd_kmem(void)
487{
488    int err = -EINVAL;
489    struct perf_session *session = perf_session__new(input_name, O_RDONLY,
490                             0, false, &perf_kmem);
491    if (session == NULL)
492        return -ENOMEM;
493
494    if (perf_session__create_kernel_maps(session) < 0)
495        goto out_delete;
496
497    if (!perf_session__has_traces(session, "kmem record"))
498        goto out_delete;
499
500    setup_pager();
501    err = perf_session__process_events(session, &perf_kmem);
502    if (err != 0)
503        goto out_delete;
504    sort_result();
505    print_result(session);
506out_delete:
507    perf_session__delete(session);
508    return err;
509}
510
511static const char * const kmem_usage[] = {
512    "perf kmem [<options>] {record|stat}",
513    NULL
514};
515
516static int ptr_cmp(struct alloc_stat *l, struct alloc_stat *r)
517{
518    if (l->ptr < r->ptr)
519        return -1;
520    else if (l->ptr > r->ptr)
521        return 1;
522    return 0;
523}
524
525static struct sort_dimension ptr_sort_dimension = {
526    .name = "ptr",
527    .cmp = ptr_cmp,
528};
529
530static int callsite_cmp(struct alloc_stat *l, struct alloc_stat *r)
531{
532    if (l->call_site < r->call_site)
533        return -1;
534    else if (l->call_site > r->call_site)
535        return 1;
536    return 0;
537}
538
539static struct sort_dimension callsite_sort_dimension = {
540    .name = "callsite",
541    .cmp = callsite_cmp,
542};
543
544static int hit_cmp(struct alloc_stat *l, struct alloc_stat *r)
545{
546    if (l->hit < r->hit)
547        return -1;
548    else if (l->hit > r->hit)
549        return 1;
550    return 0;
551}
552
553static struct sort_dimension hit_sort_dimension = {
554    .name = "hit",
555    .cmp = hit_cmp,
556};
557
558static int bytes_cmp(struct alloc_stat *l, struct alloc_stat *r)
559{
560    if (l->bytes_alloc < r->bytes_alloc)
561        return -1;
562    else if (l->bytes_alloc > r->bytes_alloc)
563        return 1;
564    return 0;
565}
566
567static struct sort_dimension bytes_sort_dimension = {
568    .name = "bytes",
569    .cmp = bytes_cmp,
570};
571
572static int frag_cmp(struct alloc_stat *l, struct alloc_stat *r)
573{
574    double x, y;
575
576    x = fragmentation(l->bytes_req, l->bytes_alloc);
577    y = fragmentation(r->bytes_req, r->bytes_alloc);
578
579    if (x < y)
580        return -1;
581    else if (x > y)
582        return 1;
583    return 0;
584}
585
586static struct sort_dimension frag_sort_dimension = {
587    .name = "frag",
588    .cmp = frag_cmp,
589};
590
591static int pingpong_cmp(struct alloc_stat *l, struct alloc_stat *r)
592{
593    if (l->pingpong < r->pingpong)
594        return -1;
595    else if (l->pingpong > r->pingpong)
596        return 1;
597    return 0;
598}
599
600static struct sort_dimension pingpong_sort_dimension = {
601    .name = "pingpong",
602    .cmp = pingpong_cmp,
603};
604
605static struct sort_dimension *avail_sorts[] = {
606    &ptr_sort_dimension,
607    &callsite_sort_dimension,
608    &hit_sort_dimension,
609    &bytes_sort_dimension,
610    &frag_sort_dimension,
611    &pingpong_sort_dimension,
612};
613
614#define NUM_AVAIL_SORTS \
615    (int)(sizeof(avail_sorts) / sizeof(struct sort_dimension *))
616
617static int sort_dimension__add(const char *tok, struct list_head *list)
618{
619    struct sort_dimension *sort;
620    int i;
621
622    for (i = 0; i < NUM_AVAIL_SORTS; i++) {
623        if (!strcmp(avail_sorts[i]->name, tok)) {
624            sort = malloc(sizeof(*sort));
625            if (!sort)
626                die("malloc");
627            memcpy(sort, avail_sorts[i], sizeof(*sort));
628            list_add_tail(&sort->list, list);
629            return 0;
630        }
631    }
632
633    return -1;
634}
635
636static int setup_sorting(struct list_head *sort_list, const char *arg)
637{
638    char *tok;
639    char *str = strdup(arg);
640
641    if (!str)
642        die("strdup");
643
644    while (true) {
645        tok = strsep(&str, ",");
646        if (!tok)
647            break;
648        if (sort_dimension__add(tok, sort_list) < 0) {
649            error("Unknown --sort key: '%s'", tok);
650            free(str);
651            return -1;
652        }
653    }
654
655    free(str);
656    return 0;
657}
658
659static int parse_sort_opt(const struct option *opt __used,
660              const char *arg, int unset __used)
661{
662    if (!arg)
663        return -1;
664
665    if (caller_flag > alloc_flag)
666        return setup_sorting(&caller_sort, arg);
667    else
668        return setup_sorting(&alloc_sort, arg);
669
670    return 0;
671}
672
673static int parse_caller_opt(const struct option *opt __used,
674              const char *arg __used, int unset __used)
675{
676    caller_flag = (alloc_flag + 1);
677    return 0;
678}
679
680static int parse_alloc_opt(const struct option *opt __used,
681              const char *arg __used, int unset __used)
682{
683    alloc_flag = (caller_flag + 1);
684    return 0;
685}
686
687static int parse_line_opt(const struct option *opt __used,
688              const char *arg, int unset __used)
689{
690    int lines;
691
692    if (!arg)
693        return -1;
694
695    lines = strtoul(arg, NULL, 10);
696
697    if (caller_flag > alloc_flag)
698        caller_lines = lines;
699    else
700        alloc_lines = lines;
701
702    return 0;
703}
704
705static const struct option kmem_options[] = {
706    OPT_STRING('i', "input", &input_name, "file",
707           "input file name"),
708    OPT_CALLBACK_NOOPT(0, "caller", NULL, NULL,
709               "show per-callsite statistics",
710               parse_caller_opt),
711    OPT_CALLBACK_NOOPT(0, "alloc", NULL, NULL,
712               "show per-allocation statistics",
713               parse_alloc_opt),
714    OPT_CALLBACK('s', "sort", NULL, "key[,key2...]",
715             "sort by keys: ptr, call_site, bytes, hit, pingpong, frag",
716             parse_sort_opt),
717    OPT_CALLBACK('l', "line", NULL, "num",
718             "show n lines",
719             parse_line_opt),
720    OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "raw-ip", &raw_ip, "show raw ip instead of symbol"),
721    OPT_END()
722};
723
724static const char *record_args[] = {
725    "record",
726    "-a",
727    "-R",
728    "-f",
729    "-c", "1",
730    "-e", "kmem:kmalloc",
731    "-e", "kmem:kmalloc_node",
732    "-e", "kmem:kfree",
733    "-e", "kmem:kmem_cache_alloc",
734    "-e", "kmem:kmem_cache_alloc_node",
735    "-e", "kmem:kmem_cache_free",
736};
737
738static int __cmd_record(int argc, const char **argv)
739{
740    unsigned int rec_argc, i, j;
741    const char **rec_argv;
742
743    rec_argc = ARRAY_SIZE(record_args) + argc - 1;
744    rec_argv = calloc(rec_argc + 1, sizeof(char *));
745
746    if (rec_argv == NULL)
747        return -ENOMEM;
748
749    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(record_args); i++)
750        rec_argv[i] = strdup(record_args[i]);
751
752    for (j = 1; j < (unsigned int)argc; j++, i++)
753        rec_argv[i] = argv[j];
754
755    return cmd_record(i, rec_argv, NULL);
756}
757
758int cmd_kmem(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix __used)
759{
760    argc = parse_options(argc, argv, kmem_options, kmem_usage, 0);
761
762    if (!argc)
763        usage_with_options(kmem_usage, kmem_options);
764
765    symbol__init();
766
767    if (!strncmp(argv[0], "rec", 3)) {
768        return __cmd_record(argc, argv);
769    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "stat")) {
770        setup_cpunode_map();
771
772        if (list_empty(&caller_sort))
773            setup_sorting(&caller_sort, default_sort_order);
774        if (list_empty(&alloc_sort))
775            setup_sorting(&alloc_sort, default_sort_order);
776
777        return __cmd_kmem();
778    } else
779        usage_with_options(kmem_usage, kmem_options);
780
781    return 0;
782}
783
784

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